Approximately 73 percent of the population, including noncitizens, practice at least some elements of Christianity; 12 percent practice   (mainly Sunni); 10 percent practice traditional indigenous religious beliefs exclusively; and 5 percent practice no religion or are atheists. Former president El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba was a member of the Muslim minority.

The Babongo are a forest people of Gabon on the west coast of equatorial Africa. They are the originators of the Bwiti religion, based on the consumption of the intoxicating hallucinogenic iboga plant. For comparison of its spiritual and cultural roles, see ayahuasca aka yage, also botanical alkaloid based, and cannabis in the Rastafari movement. Other peoples in Gabon have combined traditional Bwiti practices with animism and Christian concepts to produce a very different modern form of Bwiti.

The Bwiti rituals form part of the initiation into the Babongo people. Babonga people's lives are highly ritualised through dance, music and ceremony associated with natural forces and jungle animals. Foreign missionaries are active in the country. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice.The US government received no reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice during 2007.